In the Name of Allāh,

the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful

Praise is due to Allāh, Lord of the worlds, may the blessings and peace be upon our master Muḥammad, the last of prophets, on his family, and all his companions.

Resolution No. 209 (5/22)

Non-Muslim Citizens in Muslim Countries: Rights, Obligations and Applicability of Shariah Rulings

The Council of the International Islamic Fiqh Academy of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, holding its 22nd session in Kuwait City, State of Kuwait, on 2–5 Jumādā al-Ākhirah 1436h (22–25 March 2015),

Having examined the research papers submitted to the Academy concerning Non-Muslim Citizens in Muslim Countries: Rights, Obligations and Applicability of Shariah Rulings,

Having listened to the in-depth discussions on the subject,

Resolves

First: Shariah guarantees non-Muslims residing in Muslim countries the same public and private rights as Muslims. Non-Muslims are bound by the same obligations as Muslims, for they are both equal in rights and duties.

Second: Non-Muslims residing in Muslim countries have the right to abide by the rulings of their own faith in matters of worship and personal/family af- fairs. It is permissible to set special courts to look into their litigations with ver- dicts to be implemented by state. In other matters, the laws of the land applies. Third: Similar to Muslims, non-Muslims residing in Muslim countries should observe public order and manners in the country, avoid violation of law and

show loyalty to the country to which they belong.

Fourth: Various media is called upon to give due consideration to elucidating the rights of non-Muslims as guaranteed by Shariah, in its efforts to disseminate Islamic culture and show tolerance and justice of Islam. These should also be incorporated in educational curricula.

Fifth: All various media should always avoid provocation of sedition and sectarian intolerance between different segments of the society in order to help maintain national peace and order.

Indeed, Allāh is All-Knowing.