In the Name of Allāh,

the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful

Praise is due to Allāh, Lord of the worlds, may the blessings and peace be upon our master Muḥammad, the last of prophets, on his family, and all his companions.

Resolution No. 93 (1/10) Invalidators of Fasting in Medical Treatments

The Council of the International Islamic Fiqh Academy of the Organization of the Islamic Conference, holding its 10th session in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, on 23–28 Ṣafar 1418h (28 June – 3 July 1997),

Having examined the research papers submitted to the Academy concerning the Invalidators of Fasting in Medical Treatments,

Having reviewed the recommendations of the 9th Medical Fiqh Symposium organized by the Islamic Organization for Medical Sciences of Kuwait, in coop- eration with the Academy and other institutions, held in Casablanca, Kingdom of Morocco on 9–12 Ṣafar 1418h (14–17 June 1997),

Having listened to the discussions on the subject with the participation of Fiqh scholars and medical specialists,

Having considered the legal proofs of the Quran, the Sunnah and the opinions of Fiqh scholars,

Resolves

First: The following substances do not invalidate fasting

1. A drop in the eye or the ear, ear washing, nasal drop or spray as long as the substance reaching the throat is not swallowed.
2. Tablets placed under the tongue to treat chest angina or another illness, provided nothing is swallowed.
3. Anything introduced into the uterus, be it suppositories, lotion, uretero- scope or pelvic examination.
4. Entering a ureteroscope into the uterus, an intra-uterine device (IUD) or any other similar device.
5. Anything entered into the urinary tract of a man or a woman: probe, ureteroscope, radiopaque substances, liquid for bowel
6. Tooth removal or cleaning teeth with a toothpick, a toothbrush or a mi- swak, provided nothing is swallowed.

7. Mouthwash, gargle, mouth-spray, provided nothing is
8. Subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous injections, excluding any perfusions and injection of nutritious fluids (serums).
9. Oxygen
10. Anesthesia by vaporization, provided nutritious fluids are not injected to the patient.
11. Anything penetrating the body through the skin, like creams, ointments or cutaneous patches containing medicinal or chemical substances.
12. Introduction of catheter for coronagraphs of heart vessels or other
13. Fibroscopy by laparoscopy to examine the intestines for
14. Biopsy of the liver or other organs without addition of liquids (fluids) or other substances.
15. Fibroscopy or gastroscopy without addition of liquids or other
16. Entering any instrument or substance into the brain or spinal cord for
17. Involuntary vomiting, other than deliberate vomiting.

Second:

The Muslim doctor should recommend to his or her patient to postpone any of the above-mentioned treatments until breaking fast, should such a delay do no harm to his or her health.

Third:

To postpone issuing a resolution on the below-mentioned cases pending further study and research regarding their effect on fasting, focusing the aḥādīth of the Prophet SAW and the accounts of his Companions RA in regard to their rulings.

1. Bronchodilatory vaporization and inhalation of medicinal sprays.
2. Hijama (phlebotomy) and safd (bloodletting).
3. Blood sampling for analysis and blood transfusion (for the donor as well as for the receiver).
4. Peritoneal hemodialysis, which involves placing a tube into the abdomen to inject an appropriate ionic solution to replace the blood ions (through the peritoneum) or from artificial kidneys.
5. Entering anything into the anus such as rectal injection, suppositories,

rectoscopes or rectal exams during a medical consultation.

6. Surgery under general anaesthesia, when the patient has previously de- clared his or her intention to fast and has not received any solution or nutritious

Indeed, Allāh is All-Knowing.